Rootstocks are superheroes
They once saved Europe’s vineyards from phylloxera, the devastating aphid from the United States that ravaged vine roots.
In France, at the end of the 19th century, phylloxera wiped out nearly 70 percent of the vineyard surface. To continue planting vines and producing grapes, European grape varieties had to be grafted onto American rootstocks. The rootstock, which lies mostly underground, supports the graft and protects it. Because American vines co-evolved with phylloxera, their roots are naturally resistant to the insect. In Valais, American rootstocks became the norm more than a century ago.
Could they save the vine again?
Rootstocks may once again prove essential. While Swiss vineyards have so far benefited from the warmer temperatures of recent decades, they will need support to adapt to the challenges of climate change. Winegrowers will be able to choose new types of rootstocks. In Valais, using rootstocks traditionally found in Mediterranean vineyards can reduce water needs and slow down grape ripening. In this way, even as droughts become more frequent, our grape varieties can be safeguarded.
Learn more from Markus Rienth, researcher, lecturer and specialist in vine adaptation to climate change at HES Changins.